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The recent progress of biotechnology has been remarkable, and since the human genome project started in the 1990s, the application of biotechnology to various fields such as healthcare, food and the environment has been accelerated. As is well known, all genetic information is determined by the sequence of four DNA bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine), and this law is common among all living organisms from bacteria to higher organisms. Of course, living species are also determined by DNAs. Species and individual organisms can be specified by analyzing specific regions of DNAs. Therefore, biotechnology is also applied to the detection of pathogens and criminal investigations. This paper explains the technology for detecting the change in the microorganism group structure in effluent treatment plants using the DNA analysis technology.
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